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one of those countries that have a huge contribution to universal culture. Everywhere you look there are amazing and unique monuments, magnificent architecture and streets that take you back in time a few centuries. Simply put, Spain is a country of unparalleled cultural diversity, and this is just one of the reasons why millions of [...]

The walls of the Alhambra are full of calligraphic decoration, cursive and kufic writings with sentences such as “Only God is victor” (apparently by Zawi ben Zirí, founder of the Nasrid dynasty) and poems by three poets of the Court of Granada, Ibn al-Yayyab (1274-1349), Ibn al-Jatib (1313-1375) and Ibn Zamrak (1333-1393), who were secretaries [...]

Washington Irving was born in New York City (near present-day Wall Street) at the end of the Revolutionary War on April 3, 1783. His parents, Scottish-English immigrants, were great admirers of General George Washington, and named their son after their hero. Irving had many interests including writing, architecture and landscape design, traveling, and diplomacy. He [...]

Emergence of the Nation. Early unification of Spain’s tribal groups occurred under Roman rule (circa 200 B.C.E. to circa 475 C.E.) when the Latin ancestral language was implanted, eventually giving rise to all of the Iberian languages except Basque. Other aspects of administration, military and legal organization, and sundry cultural and social processes and institutions [...]